Očekujem u 2016. veliki proboj u pregovaračkom procesu

Žene lideri / Women Leaders - Prof. dr TANJA MIŠČEVIĆ
Šef pregovaračkog tima za vođenje pregovora o pristupanju Republike Srbije Evropskoj uniji / Head of the negotiating team for the accession of the Republic of Serbia to the European Union

Prof. dr Tanja Miščević živi na relaciji između Beograda i Brisela. Vremena za privatni život nema, čak je i roditelji mogu videti samo na televiziji. Iako su oči javnosti usmerene ka njoj svaki put kada se spomene Evropska unija, a i sama je svesna ozbiljnosti pozicije na kojoj se nalazi, uvek je nasmejana. Bez obzira koliko umorna i iscrpljena bila čestim putovanjima i celodnevnim sastancima, nikada nije mrzovoljna. Po prirodi je optimista i kako kaže mnogo je bolje kad ljudima priđete sa osmehom. U intervjuu za The Globe Magazine kroz osmeh nam je otkrila da očekuje da 2016. bude godina velikog napretka u pregovaračkom procesu Srbije i Evropske unije.

Srbija je nakon dve godine u decembru otvorila poglavlje 35 o Kosovu i Metohiji. Pregovori idu sporo i teško. Ima li razloga za optimizam?

Oko poglavlja 35, koje se odnosi na praćenje normalizacije odnosa između Beograda i Prištine imali smo ozbiljnih problema imajući u vidu da metodologija pregovora u okviru ovog poglavlja nije bila sasvim defi nisana. Međutim, u decembru smo otvorili ovo zajedno sa poglavljem 32 o fi nansijskom nadzoru tj. kako se interno i eksterno prati trošenje budžetskih sredstava, a koje je bilo spremno od leta 2014. godine. Smatrali smo da je veoma važno otvoriti i ovo poglavlje, jer nema uspešne borbe protiv korupcije bez takve kontrole, nema fi nansijske konsolidacije, nema poštovanja ni vladavine prava ukoliko na početku nemate kontrolu, odnosno stvaranje kontrole ove vrste. Prema Pregovaračkom okviru, poglavlje 35 i poglavlja 23 i 24, koja mi zovemo vladavina prava, šire posmatrano, moraju biti među prvima otvorena. U ovom momentu intenzivno radimo na poglavljima 23 i 24, ali i na pripremi dokumenata za još nekoliko poglavlja. Završili smo akcione planove za poglavlja 23 i 24, uključujući i poseban Akcioni plan za unapređenje položaja nacionalnih manjina u okviru poglavlja 23, a u pripremi su i pregovaračke pozicije. Veoma aktivno radimo kako bismo ova poglavlja otvorili do kraja holandskog predsedavanja EU o čemu države članice moraju doneti jednoglasnu odluku.

Koji su najvažniji koraci ka Evropskoj uniji koje Srbija treba da ostvari?

Bilo bi jako pogrešno razmišljati samo o samom toku pregovora, jer to je tehnički deo posla. Suštinski najvažnija stvar, ono što nas vodi u Evropsku uniju, ono što je od najvećeg značaja za nas kao građane, jesu unutrašnje reforme, koje sprovodimo po standardima Evropske unije, koje mi svi, zapravo najviše kao građani, i očekujemo. Uspeh u sprovođenju tih standarda i reformi u oblastima kao što su reforma državne uprave, reforma administracije, reforma policije, ali i neki drugi segmenti reforme, koji su manje vidljivi kao što je recimo reforma sistema bezbednosti proizvoda ili bezbednosti hrane, zaštita životne sredine i izmene koje moramo sprovesti do momenta ulaska u Evropsku uniju, tu će najpre i biti vidljive.

Šta Srbija dobija a šta gubi članstvom u Evropskoj uniji, kada je ekonomija u pitanju, a šta na širem planu?

Isto kao i svaka država članica Evropske unije – ulaskom u nadnacionalnu organizaciju neki segmenti se izmeštaju u Brisel i više nisu u domenu država članica. Na primer, sektor zajedničke spoljne trgovinske politike.To znači da standarde u trgovini ili slobodnu trgovinu sa trećima više ne pregovara država članica sama za sebe već Brisel, odnosno predstavnici Evropske unije. Dakle, gubimo te instrumente. Nama je to najvidljivije kroz gubitak Sporazuma o slobodnoj trgovini sa Ruskom Federacijom. Dakle, kao članica Evropske unije mi pratimo politiku Unije u spoljnoj trgovini i nemamo pravo na samostalno vođenje. Ali opet, to je jedna od najznačajnijih stvari zbog koje države, koje su krajnje evroskeptične kao recimo Velika Britanija gde ne postoji takav entuzijazam za evropskom integracijom, jesu u EU. Upravo je to razlog, ta zajednička spoljna trgovina. Unutrašnje tržište je razlog koji drži Britaniju i njenu privredu toliko blizu. Ako bih morala obračunavati troškove i koristi, mnogo više i ekonomskih i političkih koristi se dobija ulaskom u Evropsku uniju. Da sam u pravu govori činjenica da se Evropska unija svake godine dodatno dograđuje u jačem povezivanju država članica.

(Nastavak teksta u štampanom izdanju)

I Expect a Big Breakthrough in the Negotiation Process in 2016.

Prof. Tanja Miscevic, PhD, lives somewhere between Belgrade and Brussels. She has no time for personal life as even her parents can see her only on television. Although the public eye is fi xed on her whenever you mention the European Union, and she herself is aware of the seriousness of the position to which she was appointed, she is always smiling. No matter how tired, exhausted by frequent trips and day-long meetings, she is never frowning, by nature being optimistic and as she says, it is a lot better when you approach people with a smile. During the interview for The Globe she is smiling to us and reveals that she expects 2016. to be the year of the great breakthrough in the negotiation process.

After two years, Serbia opened negotiations on Chapter 35 in December last year. Negotiations are slow and diffi cult. Is there a reason for optimism?

Around Chapter 35, which concerns the monitoring of the normalization of relations between Belgrade and Pristina, we had serious problems bearing in mind that the methodology of negotiations under this chapter has not been completely defi ned. However, in December last year, we opened this together with the chapter 32 on Financial control which refers to how to internally and externally monitor the spending of the budget and which was ready for opening since summer 2014. That’s why we thought this was a very important Chapter to be opened. There can be no successful fi ght against corruption without such control, no fi nancial consolidation, no respect for the rule of law, and if at the beginning you have no control, i.e. the creation of this type of control. According to the Negotiating Framework, Chapter 35, and Chapters 23 and 24, which we call the Rule of Law, if we look from the broader perspective, must be among the fi rst ones to be opened. At this moment, we are working intensively on Chapters 23 and 24 as well as on preparation of documents for several more chapters. We have completed Action Plans for Chapters 23 and 24, including a dedicated Action plan for improving the position of national minorities in the context of Chapter 23, while preparations of negotiating positions are in progress. We work very actively in order to open these chapters by the end of the Dutch presidency of the EU on which the Member States have to make a unanimous decision.

What are the most important steps towards the European Union that Serbia should take and goals to achieve?

It would be more than wrong to think only about the course of the negotiations, because it is the technical part of the job. Essentially the most important things, which lead us into the European Union, which is of paramount importance to us as citizens, are internal reforms undertaken in line with the standards of the European Union, and which our people as citizens actually mostly expect. Success in implementing these standards and reforms in areas such as public administration reform, administrative reform, reform of the police, but also some other segments of the reforms, which are less visible, such as, for example, the reform of the products security and food safety, environment protection and changes that we have to implement until the moment of entering into the European Union, will be first visible in these areas.

What does Serbia win and what does it lose by gaining the membership in the European Union when it comes to the economy, and what if we speak of a broader perspective?

Just like any other Member State of the European Union – upon entering into a supranational organization some segments are being moved to Brussels and are no longer in the domain of Member States. For example, the sector of joint external trade policy. This means that standards in trade or free trade with the third parties are no longer negotiated by the Member State for itself but by Brussels, i.e. the representatives of the European Union. So we lose these instruments. To us this is the most visible through the loss of the Free Trade Agreement with the Russian Federation. So, as a member of the European Union we follow the policy of the Union in foreign trade and do not have the right to perform independent conduct. But then again, this is one of the most important reasons why any of the states which are extremely eurosceptic, as, for example, the United Kingdom, where there is no such enthusiasm for European integration, still are in the European Union. That is the very reason, the common external trade. The internal market is the reason for keeping Britain and its economy so close. If I had to make the costs and benefi ts analysis, I would say that much more economic and political benefi ts can be obtained by joining the European Union. The fact that the European Union further builds its capacity to maintain and establish stronger ties among the Member States year in year out is what proves that I am right.

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